How Does Air Conditioning Work?
How frequently do you drive past a home or other building and spot the air conditioner? Possibly never, unless it’s a window air conditioner that looks like it doesn’t belong there. True air-conditioning means not only controlling the temperature, but reducing the humidity and purging the air. Air-cooling is just causing cool or cold air into a room, space or building. For the purposes of this text, the terms will be interchangeable. The most effective way to explain it works is the same way your fridge keeps food cold.
That would be a fair enough reason, if you know how a fridge keeps things cool. You do know that every has a fridge. You know they make an extremely quiet noise every couple of mins. You know things stay cold and fresh longer. The chiller isn’t that complicated. It circulates a refrigerant thru a system of coils. The noise you hear is a compressor. The compressor compresses the gas refrigerant into a liquid. The liquid then moves thru the coils and soaks up heat. We’ll go into more detail directly.
Many homes have air conditioner units in the back or side yard. Some have the window air conditioner, which is effective for cooling a smaller area. Office buildings and other larger buildings have the units on the roof or in large metal structures containing a system.
No matter what the size or the shape, most all air conditioners function the same way. As we said, it works essentially the same as your refrigerator. The principal is evaporation. Both the refrigerator and the air conditioner unit use a refrigerant that, in its normal state, is a gas. The gas may be one of several types or composition, but it is commonly referred to as Freon. The process of cooling the inside of a refrigerator, or for an air conditioner to cool a building space, is a cycle.
The first piece of the air-con system is the compressor. The compressor does that it compresses the refrigerant gas. The process makes the refrigerant become hot and, of course, under stress. The now hot gas circulates thru coils on the exterior of the fridge or building and disperses the heat. The heat diffusing cools the refrigerant gas into a liquid.
After the refrigerant becomes a liquid it goes through another piece of the system called an expansion valve. Running through the expansion valve produces evaporation and the refrigerant becomes cold and at low pressure. The cold gas continues through the interior of the refrigerator or building via coils. The cold, low-pressure refrigerant attracts and absorbs heat inside a refrigerator. In an air conditioner, a fan propels the cold air throughout the area or building. The cycle starts then all over again.
There’s not much doubt that the general public look at air-conditioning and air cooling as a welcome miracle. It’s an easy process of changing a refrigerant gas to a hot liquid under stress, then changing it to a low pressure-cooling agent to soak up heat ; keeping us and our food cool.
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